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For engineers, particularly American engineers, ‘applied science’, along with its greater status, might be claimed as their own autonomous body of information. For scientists, such as John Tyndall and Henry Rowland, ‘applied science’ was the applying of pure science, a transfer that reserved the autonomy of their very own science whereas also claiming ‘credit for modern wonders of the economic age’ (p. 64). As Schatzberg notes, after 1850 the frequency of use of the time period ‘mechanical arts’ dropped as ‘applied science’ increased. Such an idea, constructed into a professional identification, placed engineers within Kultur somewhat than Zivilisation, and due to this fact made them worthy of upper social standing. This move in turn invited questions about the relationship between Technik and culture. While it had been the German engineers that had articulated the broad concept of Technik, it was German social scientists who probed this issue additional. Walter Sombart, for instan